Diabetes symptoms

The main symptomsThe absence of insulin in the blood or a decrease in the sensitivity of cells dependent on insulin to the action of insulin in the body leads to a high concentration of glucose in the blood. In addition to this symptom, which is considered the main diabetes, there are other signs detected during the patient's medical observation. If the slightest suspicion of the presence of this disease occurs, it is worth asking for medical aid, because the diseases detected are subject to treatment, and in the modern world, even children of school age are starting to suffer from diabetes.

The first demonstrationsAs the first manifestations of diabetes, doctors call a number of specific symptoms. In diabetes, patients always have a quick and abundant polyuria, due to blood sugar and the level of glucose in the urine. It is glucosuria which is the cause which prevents the absorption of liquid by renal structures. Polyuria is always accompanied by a thirst in which a person is able to consume up to 10 liters of liquid per day.Despite the consumption of so many liquids, there is constantly a feeling of dry mouth. In case of diabetes of the second type, as well as thirst, a feeling of constant hunger appears. This is due to the fact that insulin produced by the pancreas in large quantities circulates in the blood and is not used by its objective, gives signals to the brain on the feeling of hunger. A high level of blood sugar harms the body serious to the body. Damage to nerve fibers lead to the occurrence of diabetic polyneuropathy. The first sign of such a complication is the numbness of the fingers of the feet and hands and the occurrence of high pain in the limbs. If you start to act in the blood glucose in the blood in a timely manner, the development of this process can be stopped and pain syndrome if you do not stop at all, it will be disturbing not so pronounced. However, if you miss the start of the progress of pathology, you can expect very serious consequences - intense pain, innervation, trophic ulcers and other things.With high blood vessels damage, diabetic angiopathy is developing. Clinically, at the beginning, the disease manifests itself by a feeling of cloud sticks with a high concentration of glucose in the blood, then a decrease in visual acuity and even a complete blindness in the absence of therapy is followed. The occurrence of one of the above symptoms, and even more their complex, should force the patient to be examined urgently to detect insulin insulin.

External demonstrationsAmong the external signs, there are also those which indicate the occurrence of resistance to insulin and high blood sugar. For example, such a symptom can be a clear development of dry skin, itching and coat. It is particularly important to pay attention to such skin manifestations in the context of concomitant thirst. In addition, with diabetes, itching very often occurs on mucous genital mucous membranes, due to the irritating effect of glucose contained in the urine. There is no discharge at the same time, which is a distinctive characteristic of diabetes. In addition, net weight loss is a first type diabetes signal. In this case, it is necessary to observe for certain other symptoms of pathology so as not to draw hasty conclusions. Excessive obesity and body weight are not a symptom of second type diabetes, but can rather act as its cause. In any case, if a person's weight changes quickly in any direction for no apparent reason, it is worth paying attention to this and undergoing an exam by a doctor.

Diabetes symptoms

The first typeThe first type of diabetes is very fast in its development. It has its own specific manifestations to which should be paid.The patient has an increased appetite in his history, but he loses only weight, exhausted, suffers from drowsiness. Frequent desires do not allow the toilets at night to sleep calmly, forcing them to get up several times. The amount of urine in this case increases considerably, as the feeling of thirst is progressing. These symptoms cannot go unnoticed, because it occurs very suddenly and suddenly. It is accompanied by nausea, vomiting and severe irritability. It is particularly important to pay attention to the constant desire of the toilet at night in children, if this was not observed before.The main problem of diabetes of the first type is that the level of glucose can also increase blood and decrease very strongly. These two states are dangerous for health and have their own characteristics and manifestations, which must be carefully monitored.

The second typeThe most common is the second type of diabetes. Its manifestations are very diverse, they appear gradually, so it is difficult to catch them immediately and recognize them. Light symptoms generally do not lead to the fact that a person, having discovered him at home, begins to ring the alarm immediately.The second type of diabetes is characterized by the occurrence of a dry mouth, thirst, abundant urination, weight loss, fatigue, weakness and drowsiness. A characteristic of this variety of the disease at the early stages is the presence of tingling in the fingers and the numbness of the limbs, hypertonic manifestations, the occurrence of infectious processes in the urinary system. Likewise, the patient's first type of diabetes can be disturbed by nausea and vomiting, drought and itching skin and skin infections. It is important to remember that the progressive development of symptoms leads to the development of the disease itself. Diabetes in subsequent stadiums is responsible for the occurrence of a hyperosmolary comlar, lactoacidosis, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, which gains momentum in a few hours and can even lead to the death of the patient. In addition, following advanced diabetes, patients often have serious vision problems, leading to complete blindness, renal failure or heart failure, the pathology of vascular and nervous systems.

During pregnancyDiabetes gestational sugar rarely manifests itself by certain specific external signs. Most often, its presence is with planned examinations which are carried out regularly to pregnant women. The main indicators are blood and urine test data.In the presence of external signs of the type of gestational disease, they are all very similar to the symptoms of diabetes of the first two types - nausea, vomiting, weakness, thirst, infection in the genitorerinary system are not separately from the signs of toxicosis and other pathologies, but indicate in the second and third trimester of pregnancy on the occasion of gestational diabetes.The gestational form of the pathology of the direct threat to the life of a mother or a child does not carry, but it can affect the general course of pregnancy, the well of the future mother and the fetus. A blood content raised in glucose leads to the birth of a baby with a high weight (more than 4 kilograms), which will be in the future a prerequisite for its obesity or its incidence of diabetes at any age. A delay in the development of the child, hypoglycemia, jaundice to the first pores of the life of the newborn can also manifest itself.

Signs of complications

Diabetic footThe diabetic foot in medicine is understood as a complete anatomical and functional change in the tissues of the distal parts of the lower limbs in diabetic patients. This is the most formidable complication of the pathology considered, often leading to gangrene, the amputation of members and disability.If there are a history of diabetes in the health of the legs, you should be monitored very carefully. There are three main forms of diabetic foot: neuropathic (damage to predominant nerves), ischemic (predominant lesion of blood vessels and blood flow disorder), mixed.Among the complaints of patients preceding the diabetic foot, specialists distinguish unpleasant feelings, burning and sewing sensations in the legs, goosebumps, a current feeling of discharge. If such symptoms disappear during walking, this indicates the beginning of the development of the neuropathic form of the diabetic foot. It is also important to be careful if the sensitivity disappears periodically. If painful sensations occur directly during walking or night (you cannot reassure yourself by launching the members of the edge of the bed), this means the beginning of the development of the ischemic form of the diabetic foot called "ischemic foot". Among the signs indicating the beginning of the development of the diabetic foot, experts distinguish the skin from the skin on the legs or the occurrence of pigment bubbles, coat and dry skin in this area, the presence of multi-caliber corncles fractures of small bones on the legs. If a person notices at least a few signs of this type, he should ask for medical help.

Signs of retinopathyDiabetic ophthalmology manifests itself by a change in blood vessels in the retina, leading to a violation of microcirculation. Such a violation leads to the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy. Such a complication is developing gradually and even in the last stages, it can be almost invisible for a person.The main signs of diabetic retinopathy are:the emergence of "flies" before the eyes;blurred vision; decrease in visual acuity in the last stages;Hemorrhages in the vitreous body and the retina.In this case, diabetic ophthalmology can manifest itself in two main forms-non-sphere (background) or proliferative retinal retination. With the retinopathy of history, the concerns of pathology, first of all, the retina itself. In the event of violations in the hair vessels of the retina, hemorrhages, retinal swelling and a deposit of metabolic products occur. Basic retinopathy is characteristic of elderly patients with diabetes. It causes a gradual decrease in visual acuity.Based on the context, proliferative retinopathy develops if the deficiency in Osigal support will increase. In this case, there is a pathological formation of new blood vessels germinated from the retina in a vitreous body. This process leads to hemorrhages in a vitreous body and a strong progression of the vision of vision in a person and an irreversible blindness. In adolescence, such a transition to complicate one form to another can occur in a few months, then retinal detachment and complete vision loss will follow.

Signs of encephalopathyDiabetic encephalopathy occurs as a complication of diabetes, due to diffuse degenerative damage to the brain. The prevalence of encephalopathy depends directly on the type of diabetes and its symptoms - the duration of the disease of the disease and its severity. It is up to late complications and manifests 10 to 15 years after the manifestation of diabetes. The immediate cause of the development of encephalopathy is the typical diabetes metabolic disorders, resulting in damage to brain tissues and blood vessels. The above processes lead to a violation of brain activity, a decrease in cognitive functions. The development of encephalopathy occurs very slowly, which leads to the difficulty of detecting its symptoms in the early stages.The main symptoms of diabetic encephalopathy are:headache and dizziness;Emotional instability, high fatigue, sleep disorders and other neurasthenic disorders;instability of the human approach;The bifurcation of objects when you look at them, the nebula of vision, the flicker of "flies" before the eyes;mental and depressed disorders;Confused consciousness;deterioration of mental activity, memory, the ability to concentrate;Traits, transient ischemic attacks, other pathologies of brain traffic;The occurrence of crises.

In the early stages, there is practically no complications from the clinic, and with the development of encephalopathy, symptoms are beginning to appear more clearly. Symptoms are identical to the two types of diabetes. Frequent satellite of diabetes is atherosclerosis, high blood pressure and obesity. In connection with the pride of blood vessels in the event of atherosclerosis, the risk of strokes and heart attacks increases. In the event of a violation of microcirculation in the kidney vessels, irreversible renal failure occurs, which ultimately leads to a complete cessation of the function of the kidneys. This, in turn, led to the need to replace the treatment of renal insufficiency with the life dialysis method.

Diabetic comaDiabetic cat means a serious alteration of metabolic processes in the body of a patient with diabetes. A coma can occur both with a sharp increase and with a sharp decrease in human blood sugar.This condition requires urgent medical care, because in its absence, serious complications and even deaths are possible.A coma is developing in stages, but fairly quickly. The first sign of confluence in which can be a state of fiction, the rapid growth of blood sugar, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, pain in the abdomen per day or more before the immediate coma. Another symptom of diabetic coma can be the spicy smell of acetone from the patient's mouth. Sensitivity can also occur in convulsions, thirst, thirst. With a hypoglycemic coma, the concentration of blood sugar decreases sharply. The indicator can reach the brand of 2, 5 mmol per liter and below. Among the obvious symptoms of such a coma, unreasonable anxiety, patient's fear, a feeling of weakness, cramps, falls in blood pressure and a loss of consciousness are distinguished. The precursors of the occurrence of a hypoglycemic coma can be:General malaise;lack of appetite;diarrhea or constipation;Stunning, headache, tachycardia.The lack of assistance in this state can lead to extremely serious consequences. Since the hypoglycemic coma develops quickly, the assistance provided should be urgent.A sharp decrease in blood pressure in the patient, a weakening of the pulse and the softness of the eyeballs may indicate a sharp decrease in blood pressure. Only a qualified doctor can bring a person back to his minds in this state, so that the ambulance call should follow as soon as possible.

Laboratory panelsYou can only reliably discover the diagnosis of the patient after all the necessary laboratory tests. Any diabetes laboratory test aims to determine the indicators of blood sugar. It is possible to accidentally identify blood sugar with mass exams of a person before hospitalization or with an emergency determination of other indicators.The most common is a blood test for sugar, on an empty stomach. Before delivery, nothing can be eaten for 8 to 12 hours. In addition, you cannot drink alcohol and you cannot smoke an hour before blood donation. The level of up to 5, 5 mmol per liter will be considered a normal indicator. If the indicator is equal to 7 mmol per liter, the patient will be sent for an additional examination. To this end, they are tested for glucose tolerance. To do this, the patient gives blood on an empty stomach, then he drinks a glass of water with sugar (75 grams for an adult for 200 milliliters of water) and 2 hours after that, he passes a blood test.If the body is in normal condition, the first analysis will show the result of 5, 5 mmols per liter, and the second - up to 7, 8 mmol per liter. If the indicators are respectively in the range, 5, 5-6, 7 and 7, 8-11, 1 mmol per liter, this will indicate to doctors the development of pre-antiabet in the patient. The indicators exceeding these figures indicate diabetes.It is also usual to conduct a study on glycated hemoglobin, demonstrating the average value of human glucose during the last 3 months of life. The standard is the indicator of less than 5. 7%. If the value is between 5, 7 and 6, 4%, this suggests that there is a risk of diabetes mellitus type 2. In this case, the measures must be discussed with the doctor to reduce this risk. If the level of glycated hemoglobin is greater than 6. 5%, the diagnosis of diabetes is likely, but it requires confirmation. The recommended level of glycated hemoglobin in people with diabetes is less than 7%, if this level is higher, it is necessary to discuss the situation with your attending physician. It should be kept in mind that the level of glycated hemoglobin above 7% can be estimated by the doctor as optimal.

Symptoms of a childDiabetes can manifest itself at any age, including the first children. Even newborn diabetes is found. This is a rare case of an innate nature of the disease. Most often, the demonstration in children represents 6 to 12 years. Metabolic processes in children during this period take place much faster, and the state of the unspecified nervous system can affect the level of glucose in the blood. The younger the baby, the more complicated the diabetes.Among the main symptoms to which parents must pay attention so as not to miss the development of diabetes in children, doctors distinguish:Dry thirst and mouth;nausea with vomiting;Frequent urilation with the grip of urine;weight loss and high appetite at the same time; a drop in visual acuity;High fatigue, weakness and irritability.If a child has at least one of the above symptoms, it is a reason to look for a doctor. If several symptoms are detected, at the same time, a doctor should be immediate.Also among the symptoms in children, typical and atypical signs of diabetes can occur. Doctors attribute to typical symptoms that the parents of children often confuse with age -related urinary incontinence, polydipsis, polyphagic, drought and itching of the skin, itching of genital organs after urination, the amount of blood sugar is greater than 5, 5 per liter per liter during the blood test. Diagnosis in a timely manner in the event of suspicion will help identify the disease at an early stage and start the necessary therapy, which will not allow complications to develop.

Determination of diabetes mellitus at homeThe course of diabetes can be absolutely asymptomatic. It can be randomly identified when visiting an optometrist or any other doctor. However, there are many signs by which the presence of pathology can be guessed independently. In addition, at home you can accurately establish the type of disease.With a healthy body, after eating in the blood, sugar levels increase. After 2-3 hours after that, this indicator must return to its original limits. If this does not happen, a person has a number of symptoms that cannot be noticed. This is already considered a dry mouth, a thirst, a very frequent and abundant urination, an increase in appetite, apathy, cramps, nebula of conscience. Little by little, a person begins to notice the drought of the skin, which was not manifested before. Also at home, you can suspect the presence of diabetes on various strange sensations that a person has not observed before. In the second type of diabetes, it is a bad healing of wounds and scratches, the development of obesity. In the first type of pathology, a person, on the contrary, can strongly lose weight, although appetite is quite high. In addition, with all types of diseases, skin itching can occur, increased hair growth on the face, formation of xanth (small yellow growth on the skin), hair loss on limbs and others.

The timely identification of diabetes signs should cause a doctor.It is only if you start therapy for diabetes in the early stages, we can hope for compensation for disease and the quality of normal life in the future.